Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, affecting an estimated 9 million people in the United States. While most cases are mild, some curves can worsen as children grow, potentially leading to significant health issues later in life. On Ask the Doctor, we delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatments for scoliosis, offering viewers an opportunity to ask questions and learn more about this condition.

What Is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis occurs when the spine curves abnormally to the side, often resembling an “S” or “C” shape when viewed from the back. A normal spine, when seen from the side, has natural curves to support movement and balance, but from the front, it appears straight. In scoliosis, however, the spine curves sideways, often accompanied by rotation, which can create visible asymmetry in the body.

Types of Scoliosis

1. Idiopathic Scoliosis
   • The most common type, often diagnosed in children and adolescents during growth spurts.
   • The cause is unknown, though it is most prevalent in girls aged 10–15.
2. Neuromuscular Scoliosis
   • Develops in individuals with conditions affecting muscles or nerves, such as muscular dystrophy.
   • Typically severe and diagnosed early in life.
3. Degenerative Scoliosis
   • Common in older adults due to wear and tear on the spine.
   • Often associated with back pain and stiffness.
4. Congenital Scoliosis
   • Caused by malformations in the spine present at birth.
   • Often requires surgical intervention in young children.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

Scoliosis can affect people of all ages, though it is most commonly detected during adolescence. Signs include:

• Uneven shoulders or hips
• A noticeable lean to one side
• Rib cage asymmetry when bending forward
• Back pain or stiffness (more common in adults)
• Head misalignment over the pelvis

Parents should pay attention to these signs, especially during their child’s growth spurts, typically between ages 10 and 14.

Diagnosing Scoliosis

Doctors use several methods to diagnose scoliosis:

• Adam’s Forward Bend Test: Observing the back for asymmetry as the patient bends forward.
• Scoliometer: A tool to measure the curvature of the spine.
• Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs provide a detailed view of the spine and help measure the angle of the curve.

Treatment Options

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve:

1. Mild Scoliosis (10–25 degrees):
   • Regular monitoring during growth spurts.
   • No immediate intervention unless the curve progresses.
2. Moderate Scoliosis (25–45 degrees):
   • Bracing is often recommended to prevent further curvature.
   • Requires wearing the brace for at least 20 hours a day for effectiveness.
3. Severe Scoliosis (45+ degrees):
   • Surgery, such as spinal fusion, may be necessary to correct the curve and prevent progression.

Living with Scoliosis

For many, scoliosis is manageable without invasive treatment. Physical therapy, regular exercise, and monitoring can significantly improve quality of life. However, in cases where scoliosis leads to chronic pain or mobility issues, medical interventions such as injections or minimally invasive surgeries may be considered.

Expert Advice

Dr. Georgiy Brusovanik, a minimally invasive spine surgeon, emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and conservative treatment. “Surgery should be a last resort,” he advises. “If you’re being rushed into surgery, get a second opinion. And if you’ve already had surgery but still experience symptoms, modern, minimally invasive techniques can help.”

Scoliosis doesn’t have to define your life. With proper diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care, many individuals with scoliosis lead active, fulfilling lives. Early intervention, particularly during critical growth periods, can make a significant difference in outcomes.

Remember, for more information and expert insights, tune in to Ask the Doctor every weekday at 12:30 PM or visit AllHealthTV.com.